Bleeding is the loss of blood as a result of damage to blood vessels.
Pretreatment precautions
• Wear protective gloves or place a barrier between you and the person’s blood
• Wash hands with soap and water after providing care
Treatment for bleeding wounds
a. Check if there are any foreign objects (e.g. glass fragments) in the wound.
b. If there are no foreign objects in the wound:
i. Elevate the injured part if possible.
ii. Cover the wound with sterile/clean dressing and apply direct pressure.
iii. Tie a firm bandage.
iv. Immobilise the injured part if necessary.
v. Seek medical attention if necessary.
If there are any foreign objects in the wound, do not press on the object. To avoid
applying direct pressure on the object, build up padding around the wound before
bandaging.
FRACTURES
Fractures are breaks or cracks in the bones.
Main types of fractures
• Closed – covering skin is intact
• Open – covering skin is torn
Causes of fractures
• Direct force (e.g. a kick, hit by a car bumper)
• Indirect force (e.g. a twist of the leg, falling on an outstretched limb)
Signs of fractures
• Pain and tenderness
• Deformity in the area affected
• Loss of function
• Swelling and sometimes bruising
• Open wound (for open fractures)
Treatment for fractures
a. Calm the casualty down.
b. Treat bleeding wounds, if any. For open fractures, stop the bleeding and cover
exposed bone ends.
c. Rest, support and immobilise injured part in a position most comfortable for the
casualty.
d. If the casualty has a dislocated or fractured upper or lower limb, refer to the
following IMMOBILISATION section.
e. Seek medical attention or dial 995 for an ambulance.
ST.JOHN AMBULANCE
No.714, 1st Floor, MTH Road, Mannurpet,
Padi, Chennai – 600050. Ph: 044-26242318.
Cell: 8056079747, 9840799786
Email: stjohn77@yahoo.co.in, stjohnambattur@gmail.com
stjohnambulancepadi@gmail.com